PRODUCTION PLANNING

PROCESS CHART

It includes different symbols which are used far the different operations carried out by an organization. We have following symbols to represent the different operation of production system:

1 = Operation to be done


2 = Inspection


3 ======> = work In process


4. = storage



5. = Delay




6. = Operations/inspections are to be carried out simultaneously.




PRODUCTION PLANNING

Production planning is that function of prod management which decides about the resources which the firm will repair for its future manufacturing ops and of allocating these resources to produce the desired output in required amount at least possible cost.

Production planning sets the framework within which detailed schedule and inventory control schemes must operation.
Objectives of Production Planning :

1. Systematic co-ordination and regulation of various activities keeping in view the capacity of resources and the objective of the organization.
2. To maintain proper balance between all the activities for the effective production.
3. Determination of raw material, machines etc. and other inputs required for desire output.
4. To face changes in business very well.
5. To have optimum use of resources.
6. To provide alternative strategies in case of emergencies.









1. Routing: It means determination of path upon which each piece is to travel and is being transformed from raw material into finished products. In other words routing prescribes the sequence of operation required to transform inputs into desired products. Routing of a prod order contain a complete description of item to be manufactured detail of each operation involved in the prod process, the setup time and standard time required to complete the work. It also prescribes the amount of material, types of equipment, machines and the no. of skilled and unskilled workers required to perform a particular operations.

Advantage:

1. Help in setting the proper sequence of different activities.
2. Efficient use of resources.
3. Increase in productivity.
4. Avoid idle time.

2. Scheduling: Scheduling is the process of describing when and where each operation of the production process is to be performed. In other words scheduling involves designing he time payable of manufacturing activities indicating the time required for the production of units at each stage.

Objective of Scheduling : The fundamental objective of scheduling is to orange the work of production unit in such a way that given below:-

1. Items are delivered on due date during production process.
2. The production cost is minimized by reducing cost of wages.
3. To plan the sequence of work so that delivery date is met.
Scheduling Devices:

1. GANTT Chart.
2. Critical Pass Method (CPM) & PERT.
3. The round approach
3. Loading: This can be defined as the study of relationship between load and capacity at the place, where work is done loading provides the complete and correct information about the number of machines available and their operating characteristics such as speed, capacity etc. This type of information can be used to know the under and over workload conditions.

Objective of Loading:

1. To plan new work orders on the basis of spare capacity available.
2. To balance the workload in a plant.
3. To maintenance the delivery promises.
4. To check the feasibility of production programs.

Loading Devices:

1. Loading step by step: Some times a company production order may require of finite number of operations may vary too much from time to time. In such cases overload are scheduled to accounts for intersection among various operations by identifying the ops which possesses maximum delay on the order.

2. Machine loading: using the information from schedules, weakly or periodic load in hours is determined for each machine and is then recorded on machine load chart. This chart also gives the information about time for which the machine will be busy.

3. Load chart: It shows the work assigned to various departments, machines and components of an organization. During the peak period load info from load chart can b e used to determine.
(a) Priorities of future orders.
(b) Provision of over time or multi shifts operations.

Characteristics of Good Production Planning:

1. It should have a well defined objective.
2. It should be simple and easy to apply in practice and feasible enough to adjust in changing environment.
3. It should be based on some decision making principles.
4. Reliable and up to date info should be available for planning the production process.